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- NEW TREATMENT EASES EFFECTS OF SPACE MOTION SICKNESS
- NOVEMBER 29, 1990
- RELEASE: 90-155
-
- Physicians at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, have instituted a new
- treatment for space motion sickness that has markedly decreased the severity of
- the illness in crewmembers.
-
- Promethezine, an intramuscular treatment administered after the onset of
- symptoms, has helped decrease the symptoms of space motion sickness on 14
- occasions since NASA's return to flight in September 1988, according to Dr. Sam
- Pool, Chief of the Medical Sciences Division at JSC.
-
- Medical researchers believe changes in the body's vestibular system contribute
- significantly to space motion sickness. The vestibular system regulates the
- body's sense of balance and, when the tiny stones in the inner ear called
- otoliths no longer have weight in a microgravity environment, the brain may
- misinterpret the sensations an individual may feel while moving around in
- microgravity. The unusual visual cues experienced during floating in the
- Shuttle orbiter cabin may further confuse the brain's perceptions and produce
- symptoms.
-
- Since the early days of space flight, many space travelers have experienced
- this space motion sickness. Symptoms resemble those of Earth-based motion
- sickness and may include headache, malaise, lethargy, stomach awareness, loss
- of appetite, nausea and/or episodic vomiting. Symptoms tend to worsen during
- body movement, especially movements of the head.
-
- In the first 24 missions of the Space Shuttle program, about 67 percent of the
- 85 crew members making their first flight reported symptoms of space motion
- sickness. About 30 percent reported mild symptoms; 24 percent, moderate
- symptoms; and 13 percent severe symptoms. Most recovered by the end of the
- third day in space. In one extreme case in the Soviet Salyut 6 mission,
- however, one crewmember was ill for 14 days. The incidence of space motion
- sickness among those making a second flight dropped to 46 percent.
-
- During the first 24 Shuttle missions, scopolamine and a combination of
- scopolamine and dextroamphetamine, given orally, were used to treat space
- motion sickness. Recent studies at the JSC Biomedical Operations and Research
- Branch by Drs. Nitza Cintron and Lakshmi Putcha, however, have shown that the
- oral absorption of scopolamine and other medications in weightlessness is
- unpredictable.
-
- Since the initiation of intramuscular promethazine therapy, Shuttle crewmembers
- have not experienced severe cases of space motion sickness and almost all have
- been essentially symptom free by the end of the second flight day. Crewmembers
- now receive training in administering the medication should space motion
- sickness develop during Shuttle flights. Research for space motion sickness is
- sponsored by NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications.
-
- Michael Braukus
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
- (Phone: 202/453-1549)
-
- Kari Fluegel
- Johnson Space Center, Houston
- (Phone: 713/483-5111)
-